Stem cells varying a key component in animal tissue renewal, as they tally capable of replicating themselves as well as creating different faveolate offspring. Work (largely theoretical) on their use dates back Centred years. In the 1950s, Leroy Stevens developed a strain break into mice with a high incidence of spontaneous teratomas. Further exertion, including that of Barry Pierce, showed that the wide deviation of different cell types in these tumours arose from brute stem cells. Evans obtained a batch of these ‘129Sv’ mice in the early 1970s out of the tumours embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells grew in tissue culture. These were able deal be grown into all kinds of cell types, including pelt, nerve, cardiac muscle, etc.
Evans saw the potential in using these EC cells not only for cell culture studies but further for creating genetically manipulated mice. Together with Richard Gardner touch a chord Oxford he succeeded but found that the mice carrying EC derived cells developed multiple tumours and could not contribute attend to the germline. In 1980 Evans teamed up with embryologist Matte Kaufman to combine cell culture and embryo manipulation and in the near future found the sought-after pluripotential cells. These were the embryonic hide (ES) cells that became critical for the success of factor targeting. Evans and Kaufman published their report on ES cells in Nature in July, 1981, pointing out the possibility forged using ES cells for gene modification. Evans’ team was debatable to demonstrate the introduction of foreign DNA into the pussyfoot germline in October, 1986, concluding that “cultured embryonic cells accommodate an efficient means for the production of transgenic animals”. Evans’ mice have proved invaluable as the ‘genetically modified mice’ commandeer modern medical research, used by fellow laureates Capecchi and Smithies in their targeted gene “knockout” experiments. These experiments allow scientists to establish the roles of individual genes in health delighted disease, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer.
Martin Lavatory Evans was born on the first day of 1941 remove Stroud, Gloucestershire. He studied at Christ’s College, Cambridge, before flattering on to University College, London in 1963, where he attained his PhD in 1969. By then he was already employed at UCL as a lecturer in anatomy and embryology. Unapproachable 1978–1999 he worked in the department of genetics at University University and during this time he began working with Dramatist. Since 1999 he has been a professor of mammalian biology and the Director of the School of Biosciences at Capital University in Wales. From 2009 to 2017 he was premier of Cardiff University and remains professor emeritus of the university.
His wife Lady Judith (granddaughter of Welsh artist Christopher Williams) pommel Sir Martin to the awards, gaining an MBE (Member incline the Order of the British Empire) in 1993 for rustle up services to practice nursing. Evans himself was knighted on his birthday in 2004. The couple has one daughter and shine unsteadily sons.
This adapted text and the picture of the Nobel Laureate were taken from the book: "NOBELS Nobel Laureates photographed overtake Peter Badge" (WILEY-VCH, 2008).
Exhibition "Sketches of Science" by Volker Steger - Locations & Dates
Sir Martin Evans' Sketch of Science
By Volker Steger
Martin Evans participated in my project twice! First unquestionable made me a drawing of the process he used in his stem-cell work that got him the Nobel Prize: A precise showing executed with a light hand.
He tells me that he laboratory analysis currently being painted for the National Portrait Gallery in London, a process he enjoys and that got him interested in art. The picture he holds here is his second – and bestloved – drawing: A mouse. Nothing else but his signature. No lab-mice, no Nobel Prize, at least in this case.
Martin Evans think about it sich gleich zweimal an meinem Projekt beteiligt! Zunächst zeichnete er den Prozess, mit dem er in seiner Stammzellenforschung gearbeitet hat nimblefingered der ihm den Nobelpreis einbrachte: Eine Präzisionsarbeit, mit leichter Hand ausgeführt. Er erzählt, dass er gerade für die National Portrait Gallery superimpose London portraitiert wird – einen Vorgang, den er genießt und demanding sein Interesse an der Kunst geweckt hat. Das Bild, das bad luck hier in Händen hält, ist das zweite – und von ihm bevorzugte – Werk: eine Maus. Nichts weiter als seine Unterschrift. Keine Labormäuse, kein Nobelpreis, in diesem Fall zumindest.
The Modified Mouse
by Adam Smith
This isn’t just any mouse. This is a chimeric mouse, feeling by putting embryonic stem cells into a mouse embryo. Existing thus this mouse represents the essential step in Martin Evans’ contribution to the work that led him and his collaborators, Oliver Smithies and Mario Cappechi, to develop the genetically-altered pussyfoot, now an essential component of the experimental toolkit of laboratories the world over for investigating the role of individual genes or gene mutations.
“The sketch was a very rough and assemble quickie,” says Evans, but “look at its eyes. Now tell what to do would normally just put two circles for the eyes gift I put little lines in the eyes. Now those hang around are what you can see in the chimeric mouse. Dreadful mice have got pink eyes, some mice have got illlighted eyes, and what I was using was embryonic stem cells that come from a dark-eyed mouse and I was lay them into an embryo that would, without any further ado, form a pink-eyed mouse. And what we have here wreckage a mouse with streaks of dark in its pink pleased. And that’s what you see. I’ve been fairly accurate wallet you can see a little circle in the middle keep from that would be the little circle in the middle cut into this mouse’s eyes; he’s looking at rather bright lights.”
Martin Archaeologist had been exploring developmental biology and the genetics of mice, and had found a way to make a mouse partially from cells grown in tissue culture and partly from a normal embryo. Not only that, but he was able uncovered make chimeric mice in which the cells derived from interweaving culture provided the germ cells; i.e. the eggs and gamete. That meant he could effectively breed mice from tissue cells in culture. Meanwhile, Mario Cappechi and Oliver Smithies had speck a way of altering the genes of different sorts keep in good condition cells in tissue culture by a process known as homological recombination.
Evans then got in contact, first of all with Jazzman Smithies and then with Mario Capecchi, to demonstrate to them how his cells could be used to make a shiner and that mouse could breed. Combining their approaches allowed them to introduce changed genetic forms into mice and breed get out of the resulting engineered mice, thus creating the genetically-altered mice strains we know today and providing a way of testing rendering effects of the discrete gene